The 10th-century kingdom of Goryeo succeeded Goguryeo, and thus inherited its name, which was pronounced by visiting Persian merchants as "Korea". The name Goryeo itself was first used by the ancient kingdom of Goguryeo (Koguryŏ) which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time, ruling most of the Korean Peninsula, Manchuria, parts of the Russian Far East and parts of Inner Mongolia, under Gwanggaeto the Great. The name Korea is derived from the name Goryeo (also spelled Koryŏ). Nonetheless, in addition to being a member of the United Nations since 1991, North Korea is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, G77, and the ASEAN Regional Forum. The North Korean government denies these abuses. A 2014 inquiry by the United Nations into abuses of human rights in North Korea concluded that "the gravity, scale and nature of these violations reveal a state that does not have any parallel in the contemporary world," with Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch holding similar views. Its active duty army of 1.28 million soldiers is the fourth-largest in the world, consisting of 5% of its population. It possesses nuclear weapons, and is the country with the second highest number of military and paramilitary personnel, with a total of 7.769 million active, reserve, and paramilitary personnel, or approximately 30% of its population. North Korea follows Songun, or " military first" policy, for its Korean People's Army. From 1994 to 1998, North Korea suffered a famine that resulted in the deaths of between 240,000 and 420,000 people, and the population continues to suffer from malnutrition.
Most services-such as healthcare, education, housing, and food production-are subsidized or state-funded. The means of production are owned by the state through state-run enterprises and collectivized farms. The Workers' Party of Korea, led by a member of the ruling family, is the dominant party and leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea, of which all political officers are required to be members.Īccording to Article 3 of the constitution, Juche is the official ideology of North Korea.
It holds elections, though they have been described by independent observers as sham elections, as North Korea is a totalitarian dictatorship, with an elaborate cult of personality around the Kim dynasty: Il-sung, Jong-il, and current leader Jong-un. The Korean Armistice Agreement brought about a ceasefire and established a demilitarized zone (DMZ), but no formal peace treaty was ever signed.Īccording to Article 1 of the state constitution, North Korea is an "independent socialist state". The Korean War began in 1950, with an invasion by North Korea, and lasted to 1953. The formation of the DPRK came from a number of provisional governments: the People's Republic of Korea (PRK), the Soviet Civil Administration (SCA), the Provisional People's Committee of North Korea, and the People's Committee of North Korea. Negotiations on reunification failed, and in 1948, separate governments were formed: the socialist DPRK in the north, and the capitalist First Republic of Korea in the south.
In 1945, after the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II, Korea was divided into two zones along the 38th parallel, with the north occupied by the Soviet Union and the south occupied by the United States. In 1910, Korea was annexed by the Empire of Japan. Pyongyang is the country's capital and largest city. North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. It borders China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu (Amnok) and Tumen rivers, and South Korea to the south at the Korean Demilitarized Zone. North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea ( DPRK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.
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